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Citrus leprosis disease
Citrus leprosis (CL) is an economically important viral disease affecting citrus crops. This emerging disease is widely distributed in South and Central America, from Argentina to Mexico. The disease is associated with up to three different non-systemic viruses, which cause similar symptoms in the citrus hosts and are transmitted by the same vector, mites of the ''Brevipalpus'' genus; although they have vastly different genomes. ''Citrus leprosis virus'' nuclear type (CiLV-N) is found in the nuclei and cytoplasm of infected cells, while ''Citrus leprosis virus'' cytoplasmic type (CiLV-C) is found in the endoplasmic reticulum. In 2012, a new virus causing similar symptoms was found in Colombia and it was named ''Citrus leprosis virus'' cytoplasmic type 2 (CiLV-C2) due to its close proximity to CiLV-C. The cytoplasmic type viruses are the most prevalent and widely distributed of the three species.
== Structure and genome ==
CiLV-N has short, rod-shaped particles, 120 to 130 nanometers (nm) long and 35 to 40 nm wide, occurring in the nucleus or cytoplasm of the infected cells, and associated with the presence of viroplasm in the nucleus. The CiLV-N genome is a bipartite, negative-sense, single stranded RNA ((-)ssRNA). Both RNAs have 3'-terminal poly(A) tails. CiLV-N RNA1 (6,268 nucleotides (nt)) contains five Open Reading Frames (ORF) encoding the nucleocapsid protein (N), putative phosphoprotein (P), cell-to-cell movement protein (MP), matrix protein (M), and glycoprotein (G). CiLV-N RNA2 (5,847 nt) contains one ORF encoding the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) replication module. The size and structure of the CiLV-N genome closely resembles the genome organization of ''Orchid fleck virus'' (OFV) and is likely to be a member of the newly proposed ''Dichorhavirus'' genus.
CiLV-C has short, membrane-bound bacilliform particles, 120 to 130 nm long and 50 to 55 wide; it is found in the endoplasmic reticulum in the cytoplasm of infected cells, and large electron dense viroplasm is observed in the cytoplasm. CiLV-C has a bipartite, positive-sense, single stranded, RNA ((+)ssRNA) genome. Both RNAs had 3'-terminal poly(A) tails. CiLV-C RNA1 (8,729 to 8,730 nt) contains two ORFs, encoding a 286 kiloDaltons (kDa) polyprotein, putatively involved in virus replication, with four conserved domains: methyltransferase, protease, helicase, and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp); and a 29 kDa protein, of unknown function. CiLV-C RNA2 (4,969 to 4,975 nt) contains four ORFs, encoding 15, 61, 32, and 24 kDa proteins. The 32-kDa protein is apparently involved in cell-to-cell movement of the virus (MP), but none of the other proteins showed any conserved protein domain.
CiLV-C2 is associated with short bacilliform virions, 100 to 110 nm long and 40 to 50 nm wide The genome of CiLV-C2 is composed of RNA1 (8,717) and RNA2 (4,989 nt). Both RNAs also had 3'-terminal poly(A) tails. The structure of the CiLV-C2 genome closely resembles the genome organization of CiLV-C. CiLV-C2 RNA1 have two ORFs encoding a large polyprotein (285 kDa), putative involve in virus replication, with five conserved domains (two methyltransferase, protease, helicase and RdRp); and a putative coat protein (CP) of 29 kDa. CiLV-C2 RNA2 contains five ORFs that potentially encoded five proteins: 15, 7, 61, 32, and 24 kDa, similar to those predicted protein masses for CiLV-C. The 32 kDa protein has a conserved cell-to-cell movement protein domain, and the small hypothetical protein (7 kDa), that is not present in CiLV-C, has a putative trans-membrane domain.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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